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Paul Wittek (January 11, 1894 Baden bei Wien — 13 June 1978 Eastcote , Middlesex ) was an Orientalist and historian from Austria. His 1938 thesis on the rise of the Ottoman Empire, known as the Ghazi thesis, argues that the Ottoman's ''raison d'être'' was the expansion of Islam. During the 1980s, his theory was the most influential and dominant explanation of the formation of the Ottoman Empire. == Biography == Wittek was confiscated at the outbreak of World War I as a reserve officer to an artillery regiment. In October 1914, he was wounded in Galicia at the head and taken to Vienna to recovery. Subsequently, he served first on the Isonzo and in 1917 drafted as a military adviser to the Ottoman Empire, where he remained stationed in Istanbul and Syria until the war ended. During this time Wittek learned Ottoman and won the patronage of Johann Heinrich Mordtmann, the former German consul in Istanbul. After the war ended Wittek returned to Vienna and continued his already begun before the war study of ancient history. In 1920 he was with the dissertation "The Origin of Zenturienordnung. Study on the oldest Roman social and constitutional history "doctorate. Wittek was in Vienna at the emergence of the fledgling discipline of Ottoman studies. He was co-editor and author of the first scientific journal in this field, the 1921 to 1926 published "Messages to Ottoman history." His livelihood Wittek also earned as a journalist for the Austrian Rundschau. For the German Archaeological Institute, he worked in Istanbul from 1924th He worked there with the early Ottoman epigraphy. Together with Turkish historians, he could prevent the Ottoman archives were sold as waste paper to Bulgaria. After the rise of Nazism in 1934 Wittek moved to Belgium, where he worked at the Institute for Byzantine Studies in Brussels at Henri Gregoire. After the German attack on Belgium Wittek fled in a small boat to England, where he was interned as an enemy alien. By supporting British Orientalists he finally was released and found a job at the University of London. After the war he returned to his family, which had remained in Belgium. In 1948 he returned to London and took over the newly created Chair of Turkish at the SOAS, where he remained until his retirement 1961st Wittek, who was close to the George circle, has published little, but has become very powerfully in his discipline. His only books, "The Principality Menteşe" and "The Rise of the Ottoman Empire" appeared in the 1930s. In the latter Wittek formulated his Ghazi thesis, according to which the ideology of sectarian struggle was the major cohesive factor in the formative phase of the Ottoman Empire. The Ghazi-thesis was to Rudi Paul Lindner nomad thesis in the 1980s, the prevailing view of the emergence of the Ottoman Empire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Wittek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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